Public Finance

The science of public finance concentrates on financial and spending activities for a country, and the revenues it receives, and creates equilibrium between them. What we mean by country’s financial activities are the public funds owned by a country, it has three dimensions: public expenditures, public revenues, and public budget ... (the balance between public revenues and expenditures) and tries not to deviate from this equilibrium. Public finance appeared since the inception of societies and nations through ancient civilizations human interaction with its financial and human capabilities and its systems and laws. The development of public finance continued with the development of nations" political, financial, and social systems. This book will introduce definition and the development of public finance, public expenditures, public revenues, taxes, public loans, public budget, the role of economic planning on nation’s development, and finally, the book will introduce the four markets economic systems.